Comprehensive SWMS for Utility Pole Installation and Removal Work

Power Pole Removal-Installation Safe Work Method Statement

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Power pole removal and installation involves the replacement, upgrade, or new installation of electrical utility poles that support overhead power distribution lines, transformers, and telecommunications equipment. This high-risk electrical work requires specialised training, strict adherence to electrical safety protocols, coordination with network operators, and management of multiple serious hazards including electrocution from overhead lines, crushing injuries from heavy poles, falls from heights during line work, and mobile plant operation risks. This SWMS addresses the specific safety requirements for power pole work in accordance with Australian WHS legislation and electrical safety regulations, providing detailed hazard identification, isolation procedures, and step-by-step installation methods to protect workers and the public.

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Overview

What this SWMS covers

Power pole removal and installation work encompasses the full lifecycle of electrical utility poles from initial installation through to replacement and decommissioning. These wooden, concrete, or steel poles support overhead electrical distribution networks carrying voltages from low voltage (230V/400V) through to high voltage systems (11kV, 22kV, 33kV and higher). The work involves excavation for pole foundations, crane or pole auger operation for positioning, transfer of conductors and equipment from existing to new poles, and proper disposal or storage of removed poles. Typical scenarios requiring power pole work include network upgrades replacing ageing timber poles with concrete or composite materials, pole replacements following storm damage or vehicle impact, new installations for urban development, and relocations for road widening or construction projects. Single pole replacements in established networks present the highest complexity as energised conductors must remain supported while the pole beneath is removed and replaced. New installations in greenfield developments allow de-energised work but still involve substantial manual handling and height work hazards. The physical work involves excavating holes typically 1.8-2.5 metres deep using truck-mounted augers or manual excavation methods. Poles ranging from 8-15 metres in length and weighing 500kg to over 2000kg must be lifted, positioned, and set vertically using mobile cranes, pole dollies, or specialised pole erection equipment. Workers operate from elevated work platforms (EWPs) or climb poles using fall arrest equipment to attach and transfer overhead conductors, insulators, crossarms, and transformers. Backfilling and compaction ensures pole stability to withstand wind loads and conductor tensions. This work requires qualified electrical linesmen or authorised high voltage workers with appropriate licencing and training. Coordination with network operators is mandatory to arrange isolation or establish safe approach distances for live line work. Traffic management plans protect workers and public when poles are located in road reserves. Environmental considerations include underground service location, protection of tree roots, and proper disposal of treated timber poles containing hazardous preservatives.

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Why this SWMS matters

Power pole work consistently ranks among the highest-risk activities in the electrical industry with potential for fatal electrocution, serious crush injuries, and catastrophic falls. Contact with energised overhead conductors causes immediate electrocution often resulting in death - Safe Work Australia data shows electrical contact remains a leading cause of workplace fatalities in Australia with approximately 15 deaths annually, many involving overhead power lines. The consequences extend beyond individual workers as public safety is compromised when poles supporting live conductors are structurally compromised during work. Under the Work Health and Safety Act 2011 and state-based electrical safety legislation, persons conducting electrical work near overhead lines have stringent duties to eliminate or control electrical risks. High voltage work requires authorised worker status, documented isolation procedures, and strict compliance with safe approach distances specified in AS/NZS 4836. Failure to follow isolation protocols has resulted in multiple fatalities where workers or equipment contacted energised conductors assumed to be isolated. The 2018 incident where a NSW linesman was electrocuted working on an inadequately isolated pole highlights the catastrophic consequences of procedural failures. Beyond electrical hazards, power pole work involves substantial manual handling and mechanical lifting risks. Poles weighing up to 2000kg present crushing hazards during lifting, transport, and positioning operations. Dropped poles have caused multiple serious injuries and fatalities to ground workers. The 2016 incident where a concrete pole slipped from crane rigging and struck a ground worker demonstrates the need for robust lifting plans, load calculations, and exclusion zones. Proper rigging, load rating verification, and lift supervision are critical controls that must be documented in SWMS. Working at heights on poles up to 15 metres presents fall risks during conductor transfer, crossarm installation, and transformer mounting work. Linesmen working from EWPs face fall hazards if platforms are incorrectly positioned or stabilised. Pole climbers using fall arrest systems risk falls if anchor points fail or systems are incorrectly used. Falls from height remain the leading cause of death in construction, and electrical workers face additional electrocution risk if falls cause contact with energised conductors. Comprehensive SWMS including rescue procedures for workers suspended in fall arrest systems is mandatory for this high-risk work.

Reinforce licensing, insurance, and regulator expectations for Power Pole Removal-Installation Safe Work Method Statement crews before they mobilise.

Hazard identification

Surface the critical risks tied to this work scope and communicate them to every worker.

Risk register

Electrocution from Energised Overhead Conductors

High

Power pole work occurs in immediate proximity to overhead electrical conductors that may remain energised during work. Voltages ranging from 230V single phase through to 33kV high voltage systems present electrocution risks through direct contact, arc flash, or induced voltage. Workers, tools, equipment, or crane booms contacting conductors cause immediate electrical current flow through the body resulting in cardiac arrest, severe burns, or death. Assumptions about isolation status without proper testing have caused multiple fatalities. Secondary conductors including street lighting circuits may remain energised when main distribution conductors are isolated.

Consequence: Immediate electrocution causing cardiac arrest and death, severe electrical burns requiring extensive treatment, arc flash injuries causing permanent vision loss and disfigurement, falls from heights triggered by electric shock, and potential public safety incidents if work compromises network integrity.

Crushing Injuries from Pole Handling and Lifting Operations

High

Power poles weighing 500-2000kg present crushing and impact hazards during transport, lifting, positioning, and installation. Concrete and steel poles have particularly high mass concentrated in relatively compact forms. Poles can slip from crane rigging if incorrectly attached, roll during ground handling if not properly secured, or fall if crane stability is compromised. Workers positioning poles in excavations face crushing risk if poles shift unexpectedly. Manual handling of pole components including crossarms, stays, and anchor assemblies presents strain injury risks.

Consequence: Fatal crushing injuries to head and torso if struck by falling or rolling poles, traumatic amputations if caught between pole and fixed object, fractures and soft tissue damage from impact, hernias and back injuries from manual handling, and potential multiple casualty incidents if poles fall in public areas.

Falls from Heights During Elevated Work on Poles

High

Lineworkers operate at heights up to 15 metres when working from EWPs, climbing poles with fall arrest equipment, or working from extension ladders for lower pole work. EWP platforms must be correctly positioned and stabilised to prevent tipping or movement during work. Pole climbing requires proper fall arrest anchor points and connection procedures - anchor point failure or incorrect harness use has caused multiple fall fatalities. Overhead conductors create additional fall risk as electric shock from accidental contact causes loss of control and immediate falling.

Consequence: Fatal injuries from falls exceeding 3 metres height, traumatic brain injuries, spinal cord injuries causing permanent paralysis, multiple fractures, and compounding injuries if falls result in contact with energised conductors or impact with poles, vehicles, or equipment during descent.

Mobile Crane and Elevated Work Platform Stability

High

Power pole installation requires mobile cranes for lifting and positioning heavy poles, and EWPs for accessing elevated work positions. Ground conditions in road reserves may be unstable or have variable bearing capacity particularly after rain. Underground services may be present requiring load spreading mats. Crane outrigger setup on slopes or soft ground risks tipping during lifts. EWP outriggers on uneven ground or near excavations compromise stability. Overhead conductor clearances must be maintained to prevent boom or platform contact with energised lines.

Consequence: Catastrophic crane or EWP tipping causing multiple fatalities to operators and ground workers, electrocution if boom contacts overhead conductors, crushing injuries to persons in tipping path, property damage, and traffic incidents if equipment tips into roadway or onto parked vehicles.

Underground Service Strikes During Excavation

High

Power pole excavations typically extend 1.8-2.5 metres deep with diameters of 600-1200mm. Underground services including gas mains, telecommunications cables, water mains, sewer lines, and underground electrical cables may be present in road reserves and footpaths where poles are located. Excavation without proper service location causes strikes resulting in gas leaks, electrical faults, water main breaks, or telecommunications disruption. Gas main strikes present explosion risk. High voltage underground cable strikes cause electrocution and arc flash.

Consequence: Electrocution from striking underground high voltage cables, gas explosions and fire from gas main rupture, flooding and erosion from water main damage, asphyxiation in excavations if gas accumulates, extensive service disruption costs, and legal liabilities for infrastructure damage and service interruptions to communities.

Pole Preservative and Hazardous Material Exposure

Medium

Timber power poles are treated with preservatives including copper-chrome-arsenic (CCA), creosote, or other biocides to prevent decay. Cutting, drilling, or sawing treated poles generates sawdust containing these hazardous chemicals. Old creosote-treated poles release oils when heated during cutting. Skin contact with preservative-treated timber causes dermatitis. Inhalation of sawdust containing arsenic or creosote compounds presents chronic health risks. Removed poles require disposal as hazardous waste - burning treated timber is prohibited as it releases toxic fumes.

Consequence: Chronic arsenic or creosote exposure causing long-term health effects including cancers, acute dermatitis and skin reactions from direct contact, respiratory irritation from sawdust inhalation, environmental contamination if preservatives leach from improperly stored poles, and regulatory penalties for improper hazardous waste disposal.

Traffic Hazards in Road Reserve Work Areas

Medium

Power pole work frequently occurs in road reserves requiring traffic management to protect workers and maintain public safety. Mobile plant including cranes and EWPs may need to encroach into traffic lanes during lifting operations. Pole deliveries and removals require truck access to work sites. Passing traffic presents strike hazards to ground workers, equipment operators, and suspended loads. Distracted drivers may not observe traffic control particularly during night work. Poles extending across footpaths create pedestrian hazards.

Consequence: Fatal or serious injuries to workers struck by passing vehicles, injuries to public from collisions with work equipment or materials, property damage from vehicles striking cranes or EWPs, traffic incidents caused by inadequate traffic control, and legal liabilities from public injuries in inadequately protected work zones.

Control measures

Deploy layered controls aligned to the hierarchy of hazard management.

Implementation guide

Isolation and Verification of Electrical Supply

Elimination

Eliminate electrical hazards through complete isolation of overhead conductors before commencing work. Isolation must be arranged through the network operator and verified with appropriate high voltage testing equipment. Temporary earthing conductors must be installed after verification testing to protect against back-feed or induced voltages. Where isolation is not possible, establish and enforce safe approach distances per AS/NZS 4836 with physical barriers and spotters preventing approach.

Implementation

1. Submit isolation request to network operator minimum 5 working days before scheduled work detailing pole location, circuit identification, and required isolation duration 2. Confirm isolation completion with network operator before accessing site - obtain isolation certificate documenting circuit identity, isolation points, and authorised work duration 3. Verify isolation at work site using appropriately rated high voltage testing equipment - test all conductors including street lighting circuits which may be on separate supply 4. Install temporary earthing straps to isolated conductors at work location to protect against back-feed or induced voltage from adjacent circuits 5. If isolation is not possible, establish safe approach distance barriers per AS/NZS 4836 (for 11kV: 900mm clearance, for 22kV: 1100mm, for 33kV: 1300mm) using physical barriers, bunting, and observer personnel 6. Maintain isolation and earthing throughout work duration - do not remove earthing until all workers have cleared work area and network operator is notified work is complete 7. Document isolation verification results including test equipment serial numbers, voltage readings, and installer identification

Engineered Lifting Plan with Load Calculations

Engineering Control

Develop documented lifting plan for each pole installation or removal calculating pole weights, crane capacity requirements, rigging specifications, and lift radius limitations. Plan must identify ground conditions, load spreading requirements, overhead hazards, and emergency lowering procedures. Lifting equipment must be certified, rigging inspected, and lift supervised by competent person. Exclusion zones prevent personnel access beneath suspended loads.

Implementation

1. Calculate pole weight from manufacturer specifications or survey data - include allowance for concrete base section, fittings, and residual soil if removing existing pole 2. Assess crane capacity requirements considering lift radius from pole location, ground slope, and required lift height - select crane with minimum 25% capacity margin above calculated load 3. Specify rigging method - typically choker hitch at balance point for concrete poles, or sling configuration per pole manufacturer guidelines for composite poles 4. Inspect ground conditions at crane setup position - identify underground services, slope angle, soil bearing capacity, and proximity to excavations or drainage structures 5. Calculate outrigger loading and specify load spreading mats if ground bearing capacity is inadequate for crane outrigger loads 6. Establish exclusion zone with minimum radius of 1.5 times pole length from crane position - mark with barrier tape and signage, assign observer to prevent entry 7. Conduct pre-lift briefing with all personnel detailing hand signals, lift sequence, emergency stop procedures, and exclusion zone boundaries 8. Verify all rigging is correctly attached and rated for load before commencing lift - supervising person must visually inspect rigging and signal crane operator to commence

Fall Protection System for Elevated Work

Engineering Control

Provide appropriate fall protection for all work above 2 metres height. EWP platforms must have guardrails and workers must use harnesses with dual lanyards attached to designated anchor points. Pole climbing requires fall arrest harnesses connected to adjustable pole straps or vertical lifelines rated for fall arrest loads. Ground-level rescue equipment must be available for suspended workers. Fall protection equipment must be inspected before each use and maintained per AS/NZS 1891 standards.

Implementation

1. Provide EWP platforms with full guardrails on all sides meeting AS 2550.10 specifications - platform must have self-closing access gates and adequate working space for number of workers 2. Issue full-body harnesses conforming to AS/NZS 1891.1 with dual lanyards allowing 100% tie-off during position changes - harnesses must be fitted by competent person and adjusted for individual worker 3. Identify approved anchor points on EWP platforms - typically designated attachment points on platform guardrails or boom structure - never attach to hydraulic hoses or electrical conduits 4. For pole climbing work, provide adjustable pole straps or vertical lifeline systems rated for fall arrest - ensure anchor point at pole top is adequate for fall arrest loads (minimum 15kN) 5. Conduct pre-use inspection of all fall protection equipment checking webbing for cuts or abrasion, stitching integrity, buckle function, and shock absorber condition - remove from service if any defects identified 6. Position rescue equipment at ground level including lowering systems, first aid equipment, and communication devices - assign rescue-trained personnel to attend elevated work 7. Develop rescue procedure specific to work location detailing retrieval method, medical response, and emergency service notification - brief all workers on rescue procedures before commencing elevated work

Underground Service Location and Excavation Permit

Administrative Control

Locate all underground services before excavation using Dial Before You Dig service, utility plans, and electronic cable locating equipment. Implement excavation permit system requiring service location verification before excavation approval. Use non-destructive excavation methods (hand digging or hydro excavation) within 500mm of located services. Mark service locations clearly at surface. Pothole to verify service locations where uncertainty exists.

Implementation

1. Submit Dial Before You Dig request minimum 5 working days before excavation providing accurate location coordinates - obtain service plans from all responding utilities 2. Engage qualified cable locator to scan excavation area using electromagnetic locating equipment - mark surface at all detected services with spray paint including service type and depth if known 3. Review utility plans and compare to locator results - investigate discrepancies by potholing if service locations are uncertain 4. Establish excavation exclusion zones extending 500mm either side of marked service locations - no mechanical excavation permitted within these zones 5. Use hand tools or hydro excavation within exclusion zones to expose services and verify exact location, depth, and condition before allowing mechanical excavation to proceed 6. Photograph exposed services and upload to project documentation system - update site plans with accurately surveyed service locations 7. Issue excavation permit only after service location verification is complete, hazards are documented, and control measures are briefed to excavation crew 8. Maintain permit system requiring supervisor approval before each new excavation location - permits must document service location results, excavation method, and responsible personnel

Traffic Management Plan Implementation

Administrative Control

Develop site-specific traffic management plan complying with AS 1742.3 for work in road reserves. Plan must detail lane closures, signage requirements, delineation, speed reductions, and worker protection measures. Engage qualified traffic controllers to implement plan. Conduct pre-work site inspection to verify plan suitability for actual conditions. Maintain traffic management throughout work duration including meal breaks.

Implementation

1. Engage qualified traffic management designer to develop site-specific plan for pole location assessing traffic volumes, speeds, sight distances, and required work area dimensions 2. Specify traffic control devices required including advance warning signs (minimum 200 metres for urban areas, 500 metres for rural roads), delineation (cones or barriers), and any required temporary traffic signals 3. Schedule qualified traffic controllers to install traffic management minimum 30 minutes before work commences - controllers must hold current accreditation and wear compliant high-visibility clothing 4. Conduct site inspection verifying traffic management is installed per plan including sign positioning, delineation spacing, and adequacy for actual traffic conditions 5. Position physical barriers (water-filled barriers or fencing) between traffic and work area for all works requiring lane closures or encroaching within 3 metres of traffic lanes 6. Establish designated access routes for cranes, trucks, and deliveries avoiding reversing in traffic lanes wherever possible - assign spotter for all reversing manoeuvres 7. Maintain traffic management continuously while work area is established - do not remove controls during meal breaks if equipment or materials remain in road reserve 8. Remove traffic management only after work area is completely cleared, surface defects are repaired, and site is safe for unrestricted public access

Personal Protective Equipment for Pole Work

Personal Protective Equipment

Provide task-specific PPE including electrical-rated safety helmets with chin straps, high-voltage rated gloves and sleeves for live line work, arc-rated clothing if working on energised equipment, cut-resistant gloves for pole handling, steel-cap boots with electrical hazard rating, and high-visibility clothing exceeding Class D/N standards for road reserve work. Hearing protection required during equipment operation. Respiratory protection if cutting or drilling preservative-treated poles.

Implementation

1. Issue electrical-rated safety helmets meeting AS/NZS 1801 Class E specifications with 4-point chin straps mandatory for all elevated work - helmets must be replaced after any impact or every 5 years 2. Provide high-voltage rated rubber insulating gloves meeting AS 60903 Class 0 (rated to 1000V AC) or higher classes for work voltage - gloves must be tested every 6 months with records maintained 3. Issue arc-rated clothing for any work on energised equipment - minimum arc rating of 4 cal/cm² for work up to 400V, higher ratings for high voltage work per AS 60903 4. Supply cut-resistant gloves rated Level 3 per AS/NZS 2161.4 for pole handling activities - gloves must be adequate for splinter protection from timber poles 5. Provide steel-cap safety boots meeting AS/NZS 2210.3 with electrical hazard rating and ankle support for uneven ground conditions 6. Issue high-visibility vests or clothing exceeding Class D/N requirements per AS/NZS 4602.1 for all workers in road reserves - night work requires reflective trim totalling minimum 0.20m² area 7. Supply P2 respirators complying with AS/NZS 1716 when cutting, drilling, or sawing preservative-treated timber poles to prevent sawdust inhalation 8. Inspect all PPE before each shift - maintain register of issue dates, sizes, and replacement schedules

Download complete control procedures

Personal protective equipment

Requirement: AS/NZS 1801 Class E electrical rating with 4-point chin strap

When: Mandatory for all work near overhead electrical conductors, when working at heights, and during all pole installation and removal activities

Requirement: AS 60903 Class 0 minimum (1000V AC rating) with leather outer protectors

When: When working on or within minimum approach distance of energised electrical equipment or during all elevated work where contact with conductors is possible

Requirement: Minimum 4 cal/cm² arc rating for low voltage work, higher ratings for HV work

When: When performing switching operations, working on energised equipment, or any work within arc flash boundary of electrical equipment

Requirement: AS/NZS 1891.1 Type 1 or Type 2 harness with dual lanyards

When: For all work above 2 metres height including EWP operations and pole climbing activities

Requirement: Level 3 cut resistance per AS/NZS 2161.4

When: During pole handling, rigging operations, and when handling timber poles with splinter hazards

Requirement: AS/NZS 2210.3 with steel toe caps and electrical hazard protection

When: Throughout all power pole installation and removal activities

Requirement: Class D/N per AS/NZS 4602.1 with minimum 0.20m² reflective trim

When: For all work in road reserves, near traffic, or any location where workers must be visible to vehicle operators and plant operators

Requirement: AS/NZS 1716 P2 particulate respirator

When: When cutting, sawing, or drilling preservative-treated timber poles generating dust containing arsenic or other biocides

Inspections & checks

Before work starts

✓Obtain and verify isolation certificate from network operator confirming scheduled isolation is complete and authorised work duration
✓Verify isolation using appropriately rated high-voltage testing equipment at pole location - test all conductors including secondary circuits
✓Conduct Dial Before You Dig service location check - obtain utility plans and engage cable locator to mark underground services in excavation area
✓Inspect crane or EWP certification including current load chart, maintenance records, and operator licensing - verify equipment capacity is adequate for pole weight and lift configuration
✓Assess ground conditions at crane setup position and excavation location - identify slopes, soft ground, underground services, and overhead clearances to conductors
✓Review and approve traffic management plan for site-specific conditions - verify qualified traffic controllers are scheduled and signage/delineation is available
✓Inspect all rigging equipment including slings, shackles, and pole lifting attachments - verify working load limits exceed calculated pole weight with safety margin
✓Check fall protection equipment including harnesses, lanyards, and EWP anchor points - verify inspection tags are current and equipment shows no damage

During work

✓Maintain continuous monitoring of safe approach distances to any conductors not verified as isolated - use spotters if work approaches minimum clearance boundaries
✓Verify exclusion zones beneath suspended pole loads are maintained - no personnel entry beneath crane hook or suspended loads during lifting operations
✓Monitor crane or EWP stability throughout operations - check outrigger pressure, ground conditions, and level bubble indicators particularly during load swings
✓Verify workers in EWPs or climbing poles maintain constant connection to fall arrest anchor points - visual confirmation of 100% tie-off during position changes
✓Check excavation progress for any underground service encounters - cease mechanical excavation immediately if services are exposed and verify clearances before proceeding
✓Monitor traffic management effectiveness - verify delineation remains in position, advance warning signs are visible, and traffic controllers are actively managing traffic flow
✓Inspect rigging connections during prolonged lifts - check for load shift, sling damage, or connection loosening particularly in windy conditions
✓Verify temporary earthing remains connected to isolated conductors throughout work - check earth strap connections have not loosened or corroded

After work

✓Conduct final inspection of installed pole verifying vertical alignment, embedment depth, backfill compaction, and stay installation if applicable
✓Remove all temporary earthing from conductors only after confirming all workers have cleared work area and descended from heights
✓Notify network operator that work is complete and electrical infrastructure is ready for re-energisation - obtain confirmation before leaving site
✓Backfill pole excavation to grade using appropriate compaction in 300mm lifts - restore surface to match surrounding grade and install temporary surface protection if required
✓Remove all tools, equipment, and materials from road reserve - conduct final debris sweep ensuring no hazards remain for public access
✓Photograph completed installation including pole alignment, stay installation, conductor positions, and surface restoration for project records
✓Dismantle and remove traffic management only after work area is completely cleared and surface is safe for unrestricted public access
✓Complete post-work inspection checklist documenting any deviations from planned work, near-miss incidents, or required follow-up actions
✓Dispose of removed poles appropriately - treated timber poles require disposal as hazardous waste at approved facilities, concrete poles may be recycled

Step-by-step work procedure

Give supervisors and crews a clear, auditable sequence for the task.

Field ready

Pre-Work Planning and Isolation Coordination

Review project scope identifying poles to be removed or installed including pole specifications (height, material, embedment depth), location coordinates, and property owner notifications required. Identify electrical circuits supported by poles using network operator diagrams - determine voltage levels, circuit identification numbers, and connected customers. Submit isolation requests to network operator minimum 5 working days before work detailing pole locations, required isolation points, duration, and alternative supply requirements for customers. Coordinate isolation timing with network operator outage schedules. Lodge Dial Before You Dig requests for all pole locations providing accurate coordinates. Engage cable locating service to scan for underground services. Develop site-specific risk assessment identifying hazards including overhead conductors, underground services, traffic, ground conditions, and access constraints. Prepare method statements detailing work sequence, personnel roles, equipment requirements, and emergency procedures. Conduct pre-work site inspection verifying access for cranes and trucks, identifying staging areas for materials, and assessing traffic management requirements. Obtain all required permits including road opening permits, traffic management approvals, and council notifications for work in public areas.

Safety considerations

Never assume conductors are isolated based on visual inspection or assumptions. Always obtain isolation certification from network operator and verify with testing equipment. Ensure all workers understand that conductors may remain energised and maintain safe approach distances until isolation is verified. Review emergency rescue procedures for workers at heights and ensure rescue equipment is available before commencing work.

Traffic Management and Site Establishment

Deploy qualified traffic controllers minimum 30 minutes before work activities commence. Install advance warning signage at distances specified in traffic management plan (typically 200 metres urban, 500 metres rural roads). Position delineation devices (traffic cones or water-filled barriers) to establish protected work area with adequate clearance for crane operation and material storage. Install speed limit reduction signage if required by traffic management plan. Establish physical separation between traffic lanes and work area using barriers for all work within 3 metres of active traffic lanes. Set up designated parking area for crew vehicles clear of work zone and traffic sight lines. Position crane or EWP in work area ensuring outrigger deployment will not encroach into traffic lanes. Verify adequate sight distances for traffic approaching work area - relocate advance warning signage if vegetation or road geometry obstructs visibility. Conduct final verification that traffic management is installed per approved plan before allowing work activities to commence. Brief all workers on traffic management boundaries, designated access routes, and requirement to remain within protected work area at all times.

Safety considerations

High-visibility PPE is mandatory for all workers in road reserves - verify all personnel are wearing compliant Class D/N vests or clothing. Traffic controllers must maintain visual control of approaching traffic and work area at all times. Workers must never enter active traffic lanes even if traffic appears to have stopped. Position physical barriers between workers and traffic for all lane closures or encroachments. Be alert for driver inattention - do not assume traffic will slow or stop as directed.

Isolation Verification and Underground Service Location

Obtain isolation certificate from network operator confirming isolation is complete, isolation point locations, circuit identification, and authorised work duration. Verify certificate covers all circuits at work location including main distribution conductors and secondary circuits (street lighting, CCTV, telecommunications). Test all conductors using appropriately rated high-voltage testing equipment - for 11kV circuits use tester rated to minimum 20kV. Test phase conductors individually and test neutral conductor. Record test results including voltage readings (should be zero), test equipment serial number, and tester identification. Install temporary earthing straps to all isolated conductors securing earth connections at pole location and verified earth stake or system neutral. Verify earth connections are secure and conductors cannot become re-energised through back-feed. Mark excavation area boundaries clearly with spray paint based on pole diameter and embedment depth. Use electronic cable locator to scan excavation area - mark all detected underground services at surface with paint including service type and approximate depth. Hand-dig or use hydro excavation to pothole and expose services within 500mm of marked locations verifying exact position and depth before mechanical excavation proceeds. Photograph exposed services and update site plan with verified locations.

Safety considerations

Never commence work based solely on isolation certificate without physical verification using test equipment. Always assume conductors are live until proven otherwise with testing equipment. Temporary earthing protects against back-feed or induced voltages - never work on isolated conductors without earthing installed. Maintain safe approach distances to any conductors not verified as isolated. Underground services may not be shown on utility plans or detected by locators - maintain constant vigilance during excavation and cease immediately if unexpected services are encountered.

Pole Excavation and Foundation Preparation

Position truck-mounted pole auger at marked pole location verifying machine is level and outriggers are fully extended on stable ground. Use load spreading mats under outriggers if ground conditions are soft or sloped. Select auger diameter appropriate for pole specification - typically 600mm diameter for standard distribution poles, up to 1200mm for transmission poles or poor ground conditions. Commence augering to specified depth - typically 1.8 metres for 10-metre pole, 2.2 metres for 12-metre pole, 2.5 metres for 15-metre pole (approximately 17% of pole height plus 600mm). Monitor auger progress for any underground service encounters - cease immediately if services are detected and hand-expose before proceeding. Extract spoil from hole stockpiling separately for backfill use if suitable quality, or arrange disposal if contaminated or unsuitable. Verify hole depth using measuring tape from surface to bottom ensuring adequate embedment depth is achieved. Inspect hole for stability - shore sides if cohesionless soils are caving. Install pole base if specified - concrete pads or treated timber base plates may be required in poor bearing soils. For existing pole removal, excavate around pole base to minimum 1.2 metres depth exposing pole base and any anchor assemblies. Remove any pole stays or guy wires before attempting pole removal.

Safety considerations

Maintain exclusion zone around auger operation - rotating auger presents entanglement hazards. Verify overhead clearances to conductors before positioning auger truck - maintain minimum approach distances even to isolated conductors. Inspect hole for underground services before proceeding - never insert pole into hole if services are present. Excavations exceeding 1.5 metres depth require edge protection or barriers preventing falls into hole. Do not enter excavations unless properly shored - unsupported vertical faces can collapse without warning. Keep excavated spoil minimum 1 metre from hole edge to prevent surcharge loading causing collapse.

Crane Setup and Lifting Plan Implementation

Position mobile crane at location specified in lifting plan ensuring adequate lift radius to pole location and swing path clearance to conductors, traffic, and structures. Deploy crane outriggers fully extending and checking level bubble indicators. Install load spreading mats beneath outriggers if ground bearing capacity assessment identified soft ground or slope conditions. Verify outrigger extension is equal on all corners - unequal extension indicates unlevel ground requiring repositioning. Check crane load chart confirming lift capacity at required radius exceeds pole weight by minimum 25% safety margin. Attach appropriate rigging to pole using configuration specified in lifting plan - typically choker hitch at balance point for concrete poles or manufacturer-specified lifting points for composite poles. Verify rigging working load limit tags are current and capacity exceeds pole weight. Conduct pre-lift briefing with all personnel detailing lift sequence, hand signals, exclusion zones, and emergency lowering procedures. Establish exclusion zone with minimum radius of 1.5 times pole length from crane position using barrier tape and signage. Assign observer to maintain exclusion zone during lift preventing any personnel entry beneath suspended load. Verify all rigging attachments and connections before commencing lift. Perform test lift raising pole 300mm and holding for inspection of rigging security before proceeding with full lift.

Safety considerations

Never exceed crane rated capacity - lift plan calculations must include rigging weight and any residual soil on removed poles. Verify ground conditions can support outrigger loads without subsidence - ground failure has caused multiple crane tipping incidents. Maintain exclusion zones at all times - no personnel access beneath suspended loads under any circumstances. Crane operator must have clear view of load and signaller at all times - use radios if direct visual contact is obstructed. Wind speed limitations apply - cease lifting if wind exceeds manufacturer specifications (typically 40 km/h for long loads like poles). Emergency lowering procedures must be established before lift in case of equipment failure or weather changes.

Pole Positioning and Installation

Lift pole to vertical orientation controlling swing with tag lines held by ground personnel positioned outside exclusion zone. Guide pole butt toward excavation aligning pole centerline over hole center. Lower pole slowly into excavation controlling descent with crane and tag lines. Ground personnel guide pole into final position without entering beneath suspended load. Insert pole to specified embedment depth verifying base contacts hole bottom. Release crane load gradually to transfer pole weight to ground while maintaining crane hook connection for stability. Check pole verticality using spirit level or plumb bob on two perpendicular faces - pole must be vertical within tolerance (typically ±1 degree from plumb). Adjust pole position if required using crane to lift slightly while ground personnel shift pole base position. Commence backfilling once verticality is verified - use excavated soil in 300mm lifts compacting each lift using pneumatic compactor or hand tamper. Maintain verticality monitoring during backfill - re-check levels after each compacted lift. Backfill to grade level ensuring final surface matches surrounding ground elevation. Install pole stays or guy wires if specified in design - stays must anchor to approved anchor points (screw anchors, concrete deadmen, or existing structures) with adequate capacity for calculated loads. Tension stays to specified tension using dynamometer or stay tensioning tool.

Safety considerations

No personnel are permitted to work in excavation beneath suspended pole. Tag line handlers must remain outside exclusion zone maintaining tension on ropes to control pole swing. Never place hands or feet between pole and excavation walls during positioning - crushing hazards exist if pole shifts. Backfilling must occur from outside excavation - workers do not enter hole during backfilling operations. Verify pole stability before releasing crane rigging - adequately compacted backfill must support pole weight before crane disconnects. High visibility vest is mandatory when working near crane during lift operations.

Conductor Transfer and Connection to New Pole

Position EWP platform adjacent to new pole at working height for conductor attachment - typically at crossarm level for distribution poles. EWP operator must verify platform is level, outriggers are fully deployed, and adequate clearance exists to conductors. Workers in platform must connect fall arrest harnesses to designated EWP anchor points before commencing work. Transfer conductors from temporary supports or old pole to new pole crossarms using approved conductor handling tools - insulated tools mandatory if any circuits remain energised nearby. Install insulators to crossarms using appropriate hardware torqued to manufacturer specifications. Secure conductors to insulators using approved tie wire methods ensuring adequate conductor support and securing. Maintain minimum approach distances to any energised conductors during transfer operations - use insulated barrier materials if approach distances cannot be maintained. Install any transformers or electrical equipment specified for pole location - transformer mounting requires adequate support brackets and securing to prevent movement under load. Connect transformer primary conductors using approved high-voltage connection methods and materials. Install secondary service wires and metering equipment if specified. Verify all connections are mechanically secure and electrically correct before requesting re-energisation.

Safety considerations

Workers must maintain 100% tie-off to fall arrest anchors at all times when in EWP - dual lanyards allow continuous connection during position changes. Verify conductors are isolated and earthed before touching - never assume circuits are dead. Use insulated tools rated for system voltage even when working on isolated circuits. EWP platform must not contact conductors, crossarms, or pole structure - maintain stable platform position. Do not overload EWP platform - weight limits include workers, tools, and materials. Weather limitations apply - cease elevated work if lightning is observed or wind speeds exceed safe limits (typically 50 km/h).

Existing Pole Removal and Disposal

After conductors are transferred to new pole and verified as secure, prepare old pole for removal by disconnecting all remaining attachments including communication cables, earth wires, and hardware. Excavate around old pole base to minimum 1.2 metres depth using hand tools or careful machine excavation. Remove any pole stays or guy wires disconnecting from anchor points. Attach crane rigging to old pole at balance point - consider that pole may be heavier than new pole due to residual soil, degradation, and absorbed moisture. Perform test lift verifying rigging security and checking for underground obstructions preventing extraction. Lift pole vertically extracting from ground while controlling swing with tag lines. Once clear of ground, lower pole horizontally onto pole trailer or designated storage area. If pole is treated timber containing CCA or creosote, segregate for hazardous waste disposal - treated poles cannot be burned, buried, or disposed of in general landfill. Arrange transport to approved hazardous waste facility with documentation of preservative type and pole volume. Concrete poles may be broken up for concrete recycling or disposed of as inert waste. Backfill old pole excavation using suitable soil compacted in lifts to prevent settlement. Restore surface to match surrounding grade installing temporary surface protection if required. Remove pole stub and underground concrete base if specified - may require breaking concrete base with excavator or jackhammer.

Safety considerations

Old poles may be structurally degraded from decay or damage - assess condition before lifting and use higher safety margins in lift planning. Treated timber pole sawdust contains arsenic and other toxins - use P2 respirators if cutting poles and avoid skin contact with sawdust or pole surface. Wash hands thoroughly before eating after handling treated poles. Hazardous waste disposal documentation is legally required - maintain records of waste disposal facility, volumes disposed, and preservative types. Old pole excavations present fall hazards - install edge protection or barriers until backfilled.

Final Inspection and Re-energisation

Conduct comprehensive inspection of completed installation verifying pole is vertical within tolerance, backfill is compacted to grade, conductors are properly secured to insulators, stays are tensioned correctly, and all electrical connections are mechanically and electrically sound. Photograph completed installation from multiple angles documenting pole alignment, conductor positions, stay configuration, and surface restoration. Remove all temporary earthing from conductors only after confirming all workers have descended from heights and cleared work area. Store earthing equipment in designated location for next use. Notify network operator that installation is complete and ready for re-energisation - provide confirmation that all workers are clear and temporary earthing is removed. Obtain network operator confirmation before leaving site that circuits have been re-energised and are functioning correctly. Remove exclusion zone barriers and traffic management only after work area is completely cleared of all tools, materials, and equipment. Verify no trip hazards or debris remain in public areas. Conduct final traffic management inspection ensuring all delineation devices and signage are removed and road surface is safe for unrestricted access. Complete project documentation including installation checklist, test results, photographs, isolation records, and any variations from design specifications. Report any incidents, near-misses, or safety observations to project supervisor.

Safety considerations

Never remove temporary earthing until all personnel are confirmed clear of work area - earthing protects against accidental re-energisation or induced voltages. Communication with network operator is critical - verbal confirmation that earthing is removed must occur before re-energisation proceeds. Workers must not be in EWPs or at heights during re-energisation - electrical faults during energisation can cause conductor movement or flashovers. Traffic management must remain in place until site is fully cleared - removing traffic control while equipment remains on site has caused multiple vehicle strikes and injuries.

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Frequently asked questions

What qualifications and licensing are required for power pole installation and removal work?

Power pole work requires workers to hold current electrical licensing appropriate for the voltage level and work type. For work on low voltage systems (up to 1000V AC), workers must hold electrical work licenses issued by state/territory electrical safety regulators. High voltage work (above 1000V) requires authorised high voltage worker status granted by network operators after completion of approved training and competency assessment. Workers must demonstrate knowledge of electrical safety, overhead line work procedures, isolation and earthing practices, and rescue procedures. EWP operators require current EWP operation licenses for platform heights being used. Crane operators must hold current crane operation licenses appropriate for crane capacity. Dogmen coordinating lifts require dogging licenses. All electrical work must be performed under supervision of licensed electrical contractors. Workers performing pole climbing must hold working at heights competency and be medically certified as fit for climbing work including cardiovascular health adequate for rescue activities.

How are safe approach distances to overhead power lines determined and maintained during pole work?

Safe approach distances are specified in AS/NZS 4836 and vary based on system voltage and whether workers or equipment are approaching conductors. For 11kV systems, minimum approach distance is 900mm; for 22kV it is 1100mm; for 33kV it is 1300mm. These distances apply to any part of worker's body, clothing, tools, equipment, or materials. For mobile plant including cranes and EWPs, additional clearances apply - typically 3 metres for voltages up to 33kV. Approach distances must be maintained by physical barriers, bunting, or exclusion zones preventing inadvertent approach. Observers (spotters) must be assigned to monitor clearances when work occurs near minimum approach distances. For work inside minimum approach distances, circuits must be isolated, verified as de-energised with test equipment, and earthed using temporary earthing conductors. Live line work methods allowing intentional approach to energised conductors require specialised training, procedures, and equipment including insulated tools, aerial devices, and arc-rated clothing. Never assume conductors are isolated based on visual appearance - always verify with testing equipment and install earthing.

What emergency rescue procedures are required for workers suspended in fall arrest systems or working at heights on poles?

Emergency rescue procedures must be developed before commencing any elevated work and all workers must be briefed on procedures. Ground-based rescue equipment must be available including descent devices, rescue harnesses, and first aid equipment. Minimum two workers must be trained in rescue procedures and stationed at ground level during elevated work - these personnel must not be assigned other duties that would prevent immediate rescue response. For workers suspended in fall arrest systems after a fall, rescue must commence within 6 minutes to prevent suspension trauma where restricted blood flow causes unconsciousness and death. Rescue methods include lowering worker using descent devices attached to fall arrest anchor points, or ascending to worker using vertical lifeline systems and bringing worker to ground. EWP-specific rescue may involve operating EWP controls from ground to lower platform, or using secondary descent systems from platform. All rescue personnel must practice procedures minimum annually and demonstrate competency. Emergency services (000) must be notified immediately for all fall arrests and medical assessment is mandatory even if worker appears uninjured. Do not allow suspended worker to continue working after fall arrest - harness and anchor points must be inspected before reuse.

How should preservative-treated timber poles be handled and disposed of safely?

Timber power poles are treated with preservatives including copper-chrome-arsenic (CCA), creosote, or other biocides presenting health and environmental hazards. When cutting, drilling, or sawing treated poles, wear P2 respirators to prevent sawdust inhalation containing arsenic or creosote compounds. Use tools with local extraction or work in well-ventilated locations to minimise airborne dust. Wear long-sleeved clothing and gloves to prevent skin contact with preservative-treated surfaces - wash hands and exposed skin thoroughly before eating or drinking. Collect sawdust and offcuts for disposal as hazardous waste - never burn treated timber as it releases toxic fumes including arsenic and dioxins. Old poles removed from service must be disposed of at approved hazardous waste facilities - treated timber cannot be disposed of in general landfill due to preservative leaching risks. Obtain documentation from disposal facility confirming treatment type and volume received. Some poles may be suitable for reuse in non-sensitive applications but must be clearly marked as treated. Store removed poles on impermeable surfaces preventing preservative leaching into soil or groundwater. Maintain register of removed poles including treatment type, disposal location, and documentation for environmental compliance audits.

What wind speed limitations apply to crane lifting operations and elevated work during power pole installation?

Wind speed limitations for crane lifting operations are specified by crane manufacturers and typically prohibit lifting when sustained winds exceed 40 km/h for long loads such as power poles. Wind speeds create lateral forces on suspended poles causing load swing and reducing crane stability. Crane operators must monitor wind speed using anemometers positioned at work area height - ground level wind may not represent wind at pole height. Gusting conditions are particularly hazardous as sudden load movements can destabilise cranes or cause suspended poles to strike structures or conductors. Cease lifting immediately if gusts cause load swing exceeding controllable limits even if sustained winds are below limits. For elevated work from EWPs or pole climbing, wind speed limits are typically 50 km/h sustained winds - higher winds make platform control difficult and increase worker fatigue. Workers at heights are more susceptible to wind chill and balance difficulties in windy conditions. Lightning within 10 kilometres requires immediate descent from heights - do not resume elevated work until 30 minutes after last lightning observation. Monitor weather forecasts before commencing work and establish trigger points for ceasing operations if conditions deteriorate. Have alternative work tasks available for workers if weather prevents elevated work or lifting operations.

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• Pre-start briefing covering hazards
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Power Pole Removal-Installation Safe Work Method Statement

What this SWMS covers

Why this SWMS matters

Hazard identification

Electrocution from Energised Overhead Conductors

Crushing Injuries from Pole Handling and Lifting Operations

Falls from Heights During Elevated Work on Poles

Mobile Crane and Elevated Work Platform Stability

Underground Service Strikes During Excavation

Pole Preservative and Hazardous Material Exposure

Traffic Hazards in Road Reserve Work Areas

Control measures

Isolation and Verification of Electrical Supply

Engineered Lifting Plan with Load Calculations

Fall Protection System for Elevated Work

Underground Service Location and Excavation Permit

Traffic Management Plan Implementation

Personal Protective Equipment for Pole Work

Personal protective equipment

Inspections & checks

Before work starts

During work

After work

Step-by-step work procedure

Pre-Work Planning and Isolation Coordination

Traffic Management and Site Establishment

Isolation Verification and Underground Service Location

Pole Excavation and Foundation Preparation

Crane Setup and Lifting Plan Implementation

Pole Positioning and Installation

Conductor Transfer and Connection to New Pole

Existing Pole Removal and Disposal

Final Inspection and Re-energisation

Frequently asked questions

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