Comprehensive procedures for mould containment, removal, and treatment with air quality management protocols

Mould Remediation Clean Safe Work Method Statement

WHS Act 2011 Compliant | Respiratory Protection Protocols | Containment Standards
Generate SWMS NowView Sample PDF

No credit card required • Instant access • 100% compliant in every Australian state

5 sec
Creation Time
100%
Compliant
2,000+
Companies
$3.6K
Fines Avoided

Avoid WHS penalties up to $3.6M—issue compliant SWMS to every crew before work starts.

Mould remediation cleaning involves the specialised identification, containment, removal, and treatment of fungal growth in buildings resulting from water damage, humidity, or moisture intrusion. This critical remediation work protects building occupants from respiratory hazards, prevents structural deterioration, and restores buildings to safe, habitable conditions. Workers performing mould remediation face significant health risks from mould spore inhalation, mycotoxin exposure, and contact with contaminated materials. This Safe Work Method Statement provides comprehensive procedures aligned with Australian WHS legislation, AS/NZS standards for air quality, and environmental health guidelines for managing fungal contamination in construction and building environments whilst protecting remediation workers through appropriate controls.

Start Generating SWMSSee How It Works

Unlimited drafts • Built-in WHS compliance • Works across every Australian state

Overview

What this SWMS covers

Mould remediation cleaning encompasses the systematic identification, assessment, containment, removal, and verification of fungal growth in buildings affected by water damage, moisture intrusion, or sustained high humidity. This specialised remediation work differs significantly from routine cleaning, requiring understanding of mould biology, appropriate containment methods, respiratory protection protocols, and verification testing to confirm successful remediation. Mould growth occurs when moisture and organic materials combine with suitable temperature conditions, typically developing within 24-48 hours following water damage events. Common mould types encountered in buildings include Cladosporium, Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Stachybotrys chartarum (black mould), each presenting varying health risks and requiring specific remediation approaches. The scope of mould remediation varies from small isolated patches affecting single building elements to extensive contamination throughout entire buildings following flood events or long-term water leaks. Limited mould growth affecting areas less than one square metre may be managed using simple surface cleaning with appropriate PPE. Moderate contamination affecting multiple building elements or areas exceeding one square metre requires containment establishment, specialised removal techniques, and professional assessment. Extensive mould contamination throughout buildings necessitates comprehensive containment, potentially including complete building evacuation, negative air pressure systems, removal and disposal of contaminated porous materials, and extensive verification testing before reoccupation. Hidden mould growth in wall cavities, ceiling spaces, or beneath flooring requires invasive investigation and removal techniques. Mould remediation methodology follows established principles: identify and eliminate moisture sources preventing ongoing mould growth; establish containment preventing spore dispersal to unaffected areas; remove contaminated materials that cannot be adequately cleaned; clean and treat remaining surfaces using appropriate antimicrobial products; dry affected areas thoroughly; conduct verification testing confirming successful remediation; and address underlying building defects to prevent mould recurrence. Workers must understand that surface cleaning alone without addressing underlying moisture sources results in inevitable mould regrowth. Effective remediation requires coordination with building professionals including building inspectors identifying moisture sources, plumbers repairing leaks, and building certifiers verifying remediation completion. Mould remediation workers face significant respiratory hazards from mould spore inhalation during disturbance of contaminated materials. Spores become aerosolised during material removal, creating dangerous airborne concentrations exceeding safe exposure limits. Some moulds produce mycotoxins—toxic compounds causing serious health effects including respiratory damage, immune suppression, and neurological effects. Workers with pre-existing respiratory conditions, compromised immune systems, or mould allergies face heightened risks. Personal protective equipment including P2 or higher respirators, protective coveralls, gloves, and eye protection is essential for all mould remediation work. Containment establishment using plastic sheeting and negative air pressure systems prevents spore migration to clean areas, protecting both workers in adjacent areas and building occupants. Proper waste management treating all contaminated materials as special waste requiring segregation and appropriate disposal prevents environmental contamination and spore spread.

Create Custom SWMSDownload Template

Fully editable, audit-ready, and aligned to Australian WHS standards.

Why this SWMS matters

Mould remediation carries significant health implications requiring proper controls to protect workers and building occupants. Mould spore inhalation causes respiratory effects ranging from mild allergic reactions to severe respiratory infections in susceptible individuals. Aspergillus species can cause aspergillosis—a potentially fatal fungal infection in immunocompromised individuals. Stachybotrys chartarum (black mould) produces trichothecene mycotoxins linked to serious health effects including respiratory bleeding in infants, immune suppression, and neurological damage. Workers performing remediation without appropriate respiratory protection face acute exposure to spore concentrations potentially thousands of times higher than safe levels, risking chronic respiratory conditions including hypersensitivity pneumonitis, chronic sinusitis, and occupational asthma that may require career change. The Work Health and Safety Act 2011 Section 19 requires PCBUs to eliminate or minimise exposure to biological hazards including fungal contamination. Mould remediation constitutes work with potentially infectious biological agents requiring systematic risk assessment and implementation of control hierarchy. Without proper containment, workers spread mould spores throughout buildings via clothing, equipment, and air currents, exponentially expanding contamination and creating health risks for other workers and occupants. The cost of inadequate initial remediation that fails to contain spores or address moisture sources often exceeds proper remediation costs when buildings require complete re-remediation and additional areas become contaminated. Australian standards relevant to mould remediation include AS/NZS 3666.2 providing guidance on microbial control in HVAC systems, AS 4964 for environmental health risk assessments, and various guidelines from health departments and environmental agencies. While no single standard comprehensively governs mould remediation in Australia, international best practices including those from the Institute of Inspection Cleaning and Restoration Certification (IICRC) S520 Standard for Mould Remediation inform industry approaches. These guidelines emphasise source moisture elimination, containment protocols, appropriate PPE, and verification testing as essential components of effective remediation. From a building management perspective, documented mould remediation demonstrates duty of care, supports insurance claims for water damage restoration, and provides protection against liability claims from occupants experiencing health effects attributed to mould exposure. Building owners engaging unqualified contractors using inappropriate methods risk incomplete remediation, ongoing health hazards, progressive building deterioration, and potential prosecution under health and safety legislation if occupants suffer preventable illness. The complexity of extensive mould remediation often requires professional remediation companies with specialised equipment, trained technicians, and insurance coverage rather than general cleaning contractors lacking mould-specific expertise. Public health implications of mould contamination extend beyond individual worker safety. Buildings with extensive mould growth may require evacuation orders from health authorities if contamination presents risks to vulnerable populations including children, elderly, pregnant women, or immunocompromised individuals. Schools, hospitals, and aged care facilities face particular scrutiny regarding mould management with potential regulatory action if contamination is not promptly and properly remediated. Documentation of professional remediation following health guidelines supports building owners demonstrating appropriate response to contamination incidents and protecting against claims of negligence.

Reinforce licensing, insurance, and regulator expectations for Mould Remediation Clean Safe Work Method Statement crews before they mobilise.

Hazard identification

Surface the critical risks tied to this work scope and communicate them to every worker.

Risk register

Respiratory Exposure to Mould Spores and Mycotoxins During Material Disturbance

High

Mould remediation involves directly disturbing contaminated materials releasing massive spore concentrations into air. Undisturbed mould growth may have relatively low airborne spore counts, but physical disturbance during removal creates spore clouds with concentrations potentially exceeding one million spores per cubic metre—thousands of times higher than outdoor background levels. Workers removing contaminated drywall, insulation, ceiling tiles, or carpet create peak exposure periods lasting throughout material removal activities. Spores remain suspended in air for extended periods due to small particle size, continuing to expose workers hours after disturbance. Inhalation of high spore concentrations causes acute respiratory effects including coughing, wheezing, throat irritation, and breathlessness. Aspergillus fumigatus spores can colonise respiratory systems of immunocompromised individuals causing potentially fatal aspergillosis. Stachybotrys chartarum produces trichothecene mycotoxins that remain attached to spores and dust particles, causing immune suppression and respiratory inflammation when inhaled. Prolonged exposure or repeated remediation work without adequate respiratory protection causes chronic respiratory conditions including hypersensitivity pneumonitis, chronic sinusitis, and occupational asthma requiring permanent work restrictions. Workers with pre-existing respiratory conditions, compromised immunity, or mould allergies experience more severe reactions potentially requiring hospitalisation.

Skin and Eye Contact with Mould-Contaminated Materials and Cleaning Chemicals

Medium

Direct contact with mould-contaminated materials causes skin irritation, allergic reactions, and potential mycotoxin absorption through skin. Mould growth on materials creates allergenic compounds that sensitise skin through repeated contact, potentially developing into chronic contact dermatitis requiring medical treatment and preventing future mould work. Eye contact with mould spores during material disturbance or when removing respirators causes conjunctivitis, itching, and watering. Antimicrobial cleaning products used for treating mould-affected surfaces contain biocides, quaternary ammonium compounds, or other chemicals causing skin burns and eye damage if contact occurs. Some mould species produce coloured pigments that stain skin and are difficult to remove, indicating potentially toxic exposure. Workers rubbing eyes or face with contaminated gloves transfer spores and mycotoxins to mucous membranes increasing systemic exposure. Inadequate hand hygiene after remediation work transfers contamination to food during eating, causing gastrointestinal exposure to spores and mycotoxins. Cuts or abrasions on skin create entry points for fungal infections particularly in immunocompromised workers.

Containment Failure Causing Cross-Contamination to Clean Building Areas

Medium

Inadequate containment during mould remediation allows spore dispersal throughout buildings, converting limited contamination into extensive building-wide contamination requiring complete remediation. Containment failures occur through unsealed plastic sheeting joints, inadequate negative pressure differential, workers breaching containment without proper decontamination, or equipment movement creating air currents that overcome containment. Spores passing through containment contaminate HVAC systems, clean areas, furnishings, and building contents requiring extensive additional cleaning or disposal. Some spores settle on surfaces in occupied areas creating ongoing exposure hazards for building occupants. Cross-contamination discovered after initial remediation completion necessitates complete remediation rework with associated costs and delays. Insurance companies may deny coverage for contamination spread resulting from contractor negligence in containment establishment. Building owners may face liability claims from occupants experiencing health effects from contractor-caused spore dispersal. Some sensitive environments including hospitals, laboratories, or data centres cannot tolerate any contamination spread, requiring extremely rigorous containment protocols with verification testing of adjacent areas.

Structural Hazards from Water-Damaged and Mould-Weakened Building Materials

Medium

Mould growth indicates sustained moisture exposure that may compromise structural integrity of building materials creating collapse risks. Water-damaged ceiling materials become heavy from moisture absorption, sagging and potentially collapsing when disturbed during remediation. Timber framing affected by wood-decay fungi loses structural capacity, creating risks of collapse when removing support materials during remediation. Floor structures weakened by water damage may not support worker weight or equipment loads, risking falls through floors or structural collapse. Mould growth in wall cavities often indicates extensive hidden water damage to structural framing, electrical wiring, and insulation requiring invasive investigation. Workers accessing ceiling spaces or roof voids to assess mould extent may encounter weakened structures unable to support body weight. Some buildings with long-term moisture problems develop extensive timber decay requiring engineer assessment before remediation commences. Removal of contaminated drywall may reveal structural issues including rusted steel framing, decayed timber, or compromised concrete requiring structural repairs before remediation can proceed.

Electrical Hazards from Water Damage to Building Electrical Systems

High

Water damage causing mould growth often affects electrical systems creating electrocution risks during remediation work. Water penetration into electrical switchboards, outlets, and wiring causes short circuits, ground faults, and potential energisation of building elements not normally conductive. Mould remediation frequently requires removal of electrical fixtures, outlets, and switches in contaminated areas while electrical systems may remain energised for lighting or power tool use. Wet building materials conduct electricity increasing shock risks from contact with damaged wiring. Circuit breakers and safety switches may have compromised functionality due to water damage, potentially failing to disconnect power during fault conditions. Workers using water-based cleaning methods near electrical installations risk electrocution from water contact with live conductors. Removal of contaminated wall materials exposes electrical wiring that may be damaged, have degraded insulation, or be energised without proper isolation. Some older buildings affected by water damage have electrical systems not compliant with current standards, lacking earth fault protection or having inadequate circuit protection.

Confined Space Entry Risks When Remediating Mould in Roof Voids and Subfloors

High

Mould remediation frequently requires entry to confined spaces including roof voids, subfloor cavities, service ducts, and storage voids where ventilation is limited and atmospheric hazards may exist. Fungal activity can deplete oxygen in sealed spaces through biological respiration, creating oxygen-deficient atmospheres below safe levels. Mycotoxin off-gassing from extensive mould growth concentrates in confined spaces creating toxic atmospheres. High airborne spore concentrations in confined contaminated spaces exceed safe exposure limits even with respiratory protection. Heat accumulation in roof spaces during summer creates heat stress risks exacerbated by wearing full PPE. Limited access and egress in confined spaces complicates emergency rescue if workers become incapacitated. Poor lighting in confined spaces reduces hazard visibility including structural weaknesses, sharp objects, or electrical hazards. Communication difficulties in confined spaces prevent workers requesting assistance or alerting to emergencies. Dust and spores disturbed during remediation in confined spaces have nowhere to disperse, creating visibility reduction and extreme exposure concentrations.

Control measures

Deploy layered controls aligned to the hierarchy of hazard management.

Implementation guide

Containment Establishment Using Triple-Barrier System with Negative Air Pressure

Engineering Control

Establish comprehensive containment isolating contaminated areas from clean building spaces using triple-barrier plastic sheeting system with negative air pressure preventing spore dispersal. This engineering control creates physical barriers preventing contamination spread and implements pressure differential ensuring airflow is always from clean areas toward contaminated zones, capturing spores at source through HEPA filtration before air release.

Implementation

1. Seal all doorways, windows, vents, and penetrations in contaminated area using 6mil fire-rated polyethylene sheeting secured with duct tape creating primary containment barrier 2. Establish second containment barrier creating ante-room or decontamination chamber between contaminated work area and clean areas for worker transition 3. Create third outer barrier separating entire contamination zone from occupied building areas for extensive remediation projects 4. Seal HVAC diffusers and grilles in containment zone preventing spore entry to building ventilation systems using plastic sheeting and tape 5. Install HEPA-filtered negative air machines (air scrubbers) sized for containment volume at rate of minimum 4 air changes per hour 6. Position negative air equipment exhausting either outdoors through window or through HEPA filtration if outdoor exhaust not feasible 7. Achieve and maintain negative pressure differential of -5 to -10 Pascals between contaminated zone and clean areas 8. Verify negative pressure using manometer or smoke pencil test confirming air flow direction into containment at all openings 9. Establish decontamination chamber with sticky mats, HEPA vacuum, and waste bagging station for worker and equipment exit 10. Maintain continuous negative pressure throughout entire remediation operation with pressure monitoring every 4 hours documented in log

P2 or P3 Respiratory Protection with Fit-Testing and User Seal Checks

Personal Protective Equipment

Provide appropriate respiratory protection rated for fungal spore filtration with mandatory fit-testing ensuring face seal integrity. P2 respirators provide minimum protection for limited contamination; upgrade to P3 or powered air-purifying respirators for extensive contamination or workers unable to achieve satisfactory fit-test results on disposable respirators.

Implementation

1. Provide P2 disposable respirators as minimum respiratory protection for all workers entering contaminated areas 2. Upgrade to P3 respirators or half-face reusable respirators with P3 filters for extensive contamination exceeding 10 square metres 3. Provide powered air-purifying respirators (PAPRs) for workers unable to achieve satisfactory fit-test, those with beards preventing face seal, or extended duration work exceeding 4 hours 4. Conduct formal fit-testing annually for all workers using tight-fitting respirators using quantitative or qualitative fit-test protocols 5. Train workers in proper donning, user seal check procedures, and respirator limitations before first use 6. Require user seal check (positive and negative pressure test) before entering contaminated areas every time respirator is donned 7. Prohibit facial hair, jewelry, or clothing that interferes with respirator face seal 8. Establish respirator replacement schedules replacing disposable respirators after each work shift or when breathing resistance increases 9. Provide full-face respirators for environments with heavy spore concentrations or when eye protection integration is beneficial 10. Maintain respirator logs documenting fit-test dates, make/model used, and respirator issue/disposal dates for compliance verification

Material Pre-Dampening and Careful Removal Minimising Spore Dispersal

Administrative Control

Implement careful material removal techniques that minimise spore release during contaminated material disturbance. Pre-dampen materials using water mist before removal reducing spore aerosolisation, and conduct systematic removal working methodically rather than aggressive demolition creating excessive spore clouds.

Implementation

1. Apply fine water mist to all contaminated materials using spray bottles or garden sprayers before material disturbance or removal 2. Add small amount of detergent to water improving material wetting and spore capture on droplets 3. Allow dampened materials to absorb moisture for 5-10 minutes before removal improving effectiveness 4. Cut contaminated drywall into manageable sections using utility knives rather than breaking or smashing materials 5. Score and carefully peel contaminated materials rather than tearing aggressively creating spore clouds 6. Place removed materials directly into heavy-duty plastic bags whilst still in contaminated zone preventing dry material handling 7. Seal bags when 2/3 full using gooseneck tie method preventing overfilling and ensuring secure closure 8. Mist surfaces with water periodically during removal activities if airborne dust becomes visible 9. Work methodically in small sections completing material removal and bagging before proceeding to next section 10. Avoid dry sweeping, compressed air use, or any method that generates visible dust clouds during remediation

Antimicrobial Treatment of Surfaces After Contaminated Material Removal

Administrative Control

Apply EPA-registered antimicrobial products to all surfaces in contaminated areas after physical mould removal, treating residual spores and preventing regrowth during drying period. Select products proven effective against fungal organisms with appropriate contact times and surface compatibility.

Implementation

1. Select EPA-registered antimicrobial products specifically labelled for mould remediation with demonstrated efficacy against target fungal species 2. Review product Safety Data Sheets confirming appropriate PPE, ventilation requirements, and surface compatibility before application 3. Remove all visible mould growth mechanically using HEPA vacuum and damp wiping before antimicrobial application 4. Apply antimicrobial products using low-pressure sprayers preventing aerosol generation and ensuring uniform surface coverage 5. Maintain manufacturer-specified contact times (typically 10-30 minutes depending on product) allowing sufficient dwell time for fungal kill 6. Treat all surfaces in contaminated zone including structural framing, concrete, and remaining building materials not requiring removal 7. Apply second antimicrobial treatment after initial contact time completion to treat any surviving spores 8. Use separate antimicrobial products for porous surfaces (timber) versus non-porous surfaces (concrete, metal) optimising effectiveness 9. Ensure adequate ventilation during application as most antimicrobial products produce vapours requiring air exchange 10. Document antimicrobial products used including product names, active ingredients, application dates, and concentrations for remediation records

Moisture Source Elimination and Rapid Structural Drying

Elimination

Identify and eliminate all moisture sources supporting mould growth as prerequisite for effective remediation. Address water leaks, condensation sources, poor ventilation, and drainage issues. Implement rapid structural drying using dehumidification and air movement reducing materials to moisture content preventing mould regrowth.

Implementation

1. Conduct thorough moisture investigation using moisture meters identifying all wet materials and hidden moisture sources 2. Engage trades to repair identified water leaks including roof leaks, plumbing failures, and drainage defects before commencing remediation 3. Install commercial dehumidifiers sized for space volume achieving humidity reduction to below 50% relative humidity 4. Position air movers creating airflow across wet surfaces accelerating evaporation from affected materials 5. Monitor moisture content in structural materials daily using moisture meters targeting <15% moisture content in timber, <1% in concrete 6. Operate drying equipment continuously 24/7 until moisture content testing confirms materials are dry throughout depth 7. Identify and address condensation sources including inadequate insulation, thermal bridges, or poor ventilation 8. Improve building ventilation in chronic moisture areas using exhaust fans, openable windows, or mechanical ventilation systems 9. Address external drainage issues directing water away from building preventing ongoing moisture intrusion 10. Document moisture readings throughout drying process providing verification that moisture sources are eliminated before final verification testing

HEPA Vacuum Cleaning of All Surfaces Before Containment Removal

Administrative Control

Conduct comprehensive HEPA vacuum cleaning of all surfaces in remediated area before containment dismantling, removing settled spores and ensuring clean surfaces before final verification testing. This final cleaning prevents spore release when containment is removed and prepares area for clearance testing.

Implementation

1. Provide commercial-grade HEPA vacuum cleaners rated for fine dust collection with sealed HEPA filtration system 2. Verify HEPA filters are properly installed and sealed with filter efficiency certification available 3. Vacuum all horizontal surfaces in remediated area using overlapping passes and systematic progression 4. Vacuum vertical surfaces including walls, doors, and remaining fixtures using appropriate brush attachments 5. Vacuum ceiling surfaces and overhead structural members removing all settled spores 6. Pay particular attention to corners, crevices, and detailed areas where spores accumulate 7. Use HEPA vacuum with hepa-filtered air blower attachment to clean surfaces inaccessible to standard vacuum heads 8. Vacuum containment barriers interior surfaces before dismantling capturing spores that settled on plastic sheeting 9. Empty HEPA vacuum outside containment or in designated area using methods preventing spore release during disposal 10. Conduct second complete HEPA vacuum pass of entire area after first vacuum completed ensuring thorough spore removal

Post-Remediation Verification Testing by Independent Assessor

Administrative Control

Engage independent environmental consultant or building biologist to conduct post-remediation verification testing confirming successful mould removal and safe spore levels before reoccupation. Independent testing provides objective verification and protects against claims of inadequate remediation.

Implementation

1. Engage independent environmental consultant or building biologist qualified in indoor air quality assessment before remediation commences 2. Establish clearance criteria defining acceptable post-remediation spore levels based on outdoor baseline samples and building type 3. Schedule verification testing minimum 24 hours after remediation completion allowing disturbed spores to settle 4. Conduct visual inspection confirming no visible mould growth remains and all contaminated materials are removed 5. Collect air samples in remediated area using spore trap sampling methods analysed by accredited laboratory 6. Compare remediated area spore counts and species to outdoor control samples verifying levels have returned to background 7. Conduct moisture content testing of structural materials confirming moisture levels prevent mould regrowth 8. Request surface sampling using tape lifts or swabs in areas of concern if visual inspection suggests residual contamination 9. Obtain clearance certificate from independent assessor confirming remediation successfully completed and area safe for reoccupation 10. Maintain all verification testing documentation including laboratory reports, photographs, and clearance certificates for building owner records and potential insurance or legal requirements

Download complete control procedures

Personal protective equipment

Requirement: P2 minimum (94% filtration) or P3 (99.95% filtration) disposable respirator or reusable half-face respirator with replaceable filters, fit-tested to wearer

When: Required for all workers entering contaminated areas during assessment, remediation, or final cleaning. Upgrade to P3 or PAPR for extensive contamination or prolonged work duration.

Requirement: Disposable coveralls with integrated hood, elasticated wrists and ankles, protecting against particulate contamination

When: Required during all work in contaminated areas. Coveralls must be disposed after single use and never reused to prevent spore spread.

Requirement: Disposable nitrile gloves providing barrier protection, with double-gloving recommended for extended contact with contaminated materials

When: Required for all contact with contaminated materials. Outer gloves changed frequently if heavily contaminated; inner gloves provide backup protection.

Requirement: Sealed safety goggles preventing spore entry, or full-face respirator providing combined respiratory and eye protection

When: Required during all material disturbance and removal activities. Full-face respirator preferred for heavy contamination providing superior protection.

Requirement: Waterproof rubber boots that can be decontaminated, or disposable shoe covers for lighter contamination

When: Required during all work in contaminated areas. Boots decontaminated before leaving containment; shoe covers disposed as contaminated waste.

Inspections & checks

Before work starts

  • ✓Conduct moisture assessment using moisture meters identifying extent of water damage and contaminated areas
  • ✓Verify all workers have current respiratory fit-test certification for respirators being used
  • ✓Inspect containment materials ensuring adequate polyethylene sheeting, tape, and barriers are available
  • ✓Confirm negative air machines are functional with clean HEPA filters and adequate capacity for containment volume
  • ✓Review building plans identifying HVAC systems, electrical systems, and structural elements in contaminated areas
  • ✓Verify licensed electrician has assessed electrical safety if water damage affects electrical systems
  • ✓Confirm waste disposal arrangements with licensed contaminated waste contractor
  • ✓Brief workers on contamination extent, containment protocols, and emergency procedures before commencing work

During work

  • ✓Monitor negative pressure differential every 4 hours using manometer verifying -5 to -10 Pascal maintained
  • ✓Verify all workers maintain proper PPE without removing respirators within contaminated areas
  • ✓Check containment integrity inspecting for gaps, tears, or inadequate sealing requiring immediate repair
  • ✓Monitor worker fatigue and heat stress particularly in hot environments with full PPE limiting heat dissipation
  • ✓Verify material pre-dampening is occurring before removal minimising visible dust generation
  • ✓Inspect proper waste bagging with contaminated materials sealed in heavy-duty bags before removal from containment
  • ✓Check decontamination procedures are followed with workers vacuuming PPE before exit through decontamination chamber
  • ✓Monitor dehumidifier and air mover operation ensuring continuous operation accelerating structural drying

After work

  • ✓Conduct comprehensive HEPA vacuum cleaning of all surfaces in remediated area before containment removal
  • ✓Verify all contaminated materials are properly bagged and removed from site via licensed waste contractor
  • ✓Confirm moisture content in structural materials reduced to levels preventing mould regrowth (<15% in timber)
  • ✓Inspect for any visible mould growth remaining indicating incomplete remediation requiring additional treatment
  • ✓Schedule independent verification testing minimum 24 hours after completion allowing disturbed spores to settle
  • ✓Document remediation completion with photographs showing all areas after contaminated material removal
  • ✓Verify all moisture sources identified during assessment have been repaired preventing mould recurrence
  • ✓Obtain clearance certificate from independent assessor before declaring area safe for reoccupation or reconstruction

Step-by-step work procedure

Give supervisors and crews a clear, auditable sequence for the task.

Field ready
1

Moisture Investigation and Contamination Extent Assessment

Commence remediation with comprehensive moisture investigation identifying water damage extent, contamination scope, and mould species present. Use moisture meters to scan all building materials in affected areas identifying elevated moisture content indicating current water intrusion or residual moisture from past events. Conduct visual inspection identifying all visible mould growth photographing contamination extent and locations. Investigate hidden areas including wall cavities, ceiling spaces, and subfloors where concealed mould growth often occurs. Use thermal imaging cameras to identify moisture patterns and hidden water damage behind finishes. Identify water source causing mould growth including roof leaks, plumbing failures, rising damp, condensation, or flood damage. Assess whether contamination is limited (less than 1 square metre), moderate (1-10 square metres), or extensive (exceeding 10 square metres) as this determines remediation approach and containment requirements. Consider air sampling if contamination extent is unclear or occupants report health symptoms suggesting hidden mould. Engage building inspector or environmental consultant for complex assessments requiring specialist expertise. Document all findings including moisture readings, contamination locations, suspected mould species, and photographs establishing baseline for remediation planning.

Safety considerations

Wear P2 respirator and gloves during initial assessment as mould disturbance during investigation releases spores. Do not conduct invasive investigation opening wall cavities without proper respiratory protection and containment. Assess electrical safety before investigating water-damaged areas potentially affecting electrical systems. Verify floor and ceiling structural integrity before accessing areas with extensive water damage. Brief occupants on avoiding contaminated areas until remediation is complete.

2

Containment Establishment with Negative Air Pressure System

Establish comprehensive containment isolating contaminated area from clean building spaces before commencing material removal. Seal all doorways, windows, air vents, and penetrations using 6mil fire-rated polyethylene sheeting secured with duct tape creating airtight primary containment barrier. Seal all HVAC diffusers and grilles in containment zone preventing spore entry to ventilation systems using plastic sheeting and tape. Create decontamination chamber or ante-room between contaminated work area and clean areas using additional plastic sheeting establishing transition zone for PPE donning/doffing and equipment passage. Install HEPA-filtered negative air machines positioned high in contaminated space with intake capturing airborne spores and exhaust directed outdoors through window or through HEPA filtration if outdoor exhaust not feasible. Size negative air equipment for containment volume achieving minimum 4 air changes per hour. Start negative air system and verify negative pressure differential of -5 to -10 Pascals using manometer or conducting smoke pencil test at containment openings confirming air flows inward to contaminated zone. Establish waste bagging station in decontamination chamber. Position HEPA vacuum, waste bags, and decontamination supplies in accessible locations. Post signage warning of mould contamination and restricting access to authorised workers. Verify containment integrity and negative pressure before commencing material removal.

Safety considerations

Ensure electrical safety when operating negative air equipment near water-damaged electrical systems. Position equipment on stable surfaces preventing tip-over. Route electrical cords preventing trip hazards. Verify negative pressure is maintained throughout entire remediation with regular monitoring every 4 hours. Repair any containment breaches immediately preventing spore escape to clean areas. Ensure decontamination chamber has adequate space for worker movement and PPE removal without cramping.

3

PPE Donning and Pre-Entry Briefing

Don all required personal protective equipment in clean area before entering contaminated zone using systematic donning sequence preventing contamination during PPE application. Commence with hand hygiene using soap and water or alcohol hand sanitiser. Put on first layer of nitrile gloves. Don Type 5/6 disposable coveralls ensuring complete body coverage with hood over head and all closures fastened. Put on respiratory protection (P2 or P3 respirator or PAPR) ensuring proper face seal for tight-fitting respirators, conduct user seal check by inhaling and exhaling sharply verifying no air leaks around face seal. Don safety goggles ensuring eye protection is sealed if using half-face respirator, or verify full-face respirator provides both respiratory and eye protection. Put on second layer of nitrile gloves over coverall sleeve cuffs creating sealed overlap. Put on rubber boots or disposable shoe covers. Conduct buddy check with partner verifying all PPE is properly worn, no gaps exist, and respiratory protection seal is adequate. Review work plan identifying specific tasks for this work period, materials requiring removal, and any specific hazards in work area. Establish communication protocols using hand signals if respiratory protection limits verbal communication. Agree on maximum work duration before exiting for rest break, typically 2 hours maximum before PPE removal and rehydration.

Safety considerations

Never enter contaminated area alone; always work with buddy for safety monitoring and emergency assistance. Any PPE failure during work requires immediate exit to decontamination chamber for PPE replacement before re-entry. Monitor for signs of heat stress particularly in hot environments where full PPE limits heat dissipation. Communicate clearly about any respiratory difficulty, claustrophobia, or equipment discomfort requiring immediate exit. Budget adequate time for careful PPE donning without rushing creating gaps in protection.

4

Contaminated Material Pre-Dampening and Systematic Removal

Implement careful material removal techniques minimising spore dispersal during contaminated material disturbance. Apply fine water mist to all contaminated materials using spray bottle or garden sprayer before material disturbance, adding small amount of detergent to water improving wetting effectiveness. Allow dampened materials to absorb moisture for 5-10 minutes. Cut contaminated drywall into manageable sections using utility knife rather than breaking or smashing materials creating excessive spore clouds. Score and carefully peel contaminated materials working methodically section by section. Place removed materials directly into heavy-duty plastic bags held open by buddy whilst still in contaminated zone. Remove contaminated insulation batts carefully placing directly into bags without shaking or dropping creating spore clouds. Remove contaminated carpet and underlay cutting into strips and rolling toward contamination source containing residues during removal. Expose structural framing, concrete, or other non-removable building materials for subsequent cleaning and treatment. Seal bags when 2/3 full using gooseneck tie method ensuring secure closure. Mist surfaces periodically if airborne dust becomes visible during removal work. Work in small defined sections completing material removal and bagging before proceeding to next section preventing overwhelming dust generation.

Safety considerations

Maintain respiratory protection throughout all material removal activities. Monitor for structural instability when removing wall or ceiling materials that may provide support. Use care when cutting materials to avoid hidden electrical wiring, plumbing, or sharp objects. Maintain good housekeeping immediately bagging removed materials preventing dry material accumulation. Use proper manual handling techniques when lifting and positioning waste bags implementing two-person lifts for heavy bags. Watch for trip hazards from bags, hoses, and removed materials accumulating in work area.

5

Surface Cleaning and Antimicrobial Treatment Application

Clean all exposed surfaces in contaminated area after material removal treating residual spores and preventing regrowth. HEPA vacuum all surfaces including structural framing, concrete slabs, and remaining building materials using overlapping passes and systematic progression. Wipe down all surfaces using damp cloths capturing remaining spores and loose material. Apply EPA-registered antimicrobial product specifically formulated for mould remediation using low-pressure sprayer ensuring uniform surface coverage. Treat all surfaces in contaminated zone including timber framing, concrete, ductwork, and building materials not requiring removal. Maintain manufacturer-specified contact times typically 10-30 minutes allowing sufficient dwell time for fungal kill effectiveness. Apply second antimicrobial treatment after initial contact time completion treating any surviving spores and providing residual protection during drying period. Use separate antimicrobial formulations for porous surfaces like timber versus non-porous surfaces like concrete optimising product effectiveness for material type. Ensure adequate ventilation during antimicrobial application as products produce vapours requiring air exchange. Document antimicrobial products used including product names, active ingredients, application dates, and treatment areas for remediation records and verification testing reference.

Safety considerations

Review antimicrobial product Safety Data Sheets confirming PPE requirements and potential health effects before application. Ensure adequate ventilation during chemical application preventing vapour accumulation. Wear chemical-resistant gloves and eye protection during all antimicrobial mixing and application. Never mix different antimicrobial products as dangerous chemical reactions may occur. Apply products using low-pressure methods preventing aerosol generation. Monitor for signs of chemical exposure including respiratory irritation or eye burning and exit to fresh air if symptoms develop.

6

Structural Drying and Moisture Elimination

Implement rapid structural drying reducing moisture content in remaining building materials to levels preventing mould regrowth. Install commercial dehumidifiers sized for space volume positioned to maximise airflow through containment area achieving humidity reduction to below 50% relative humidity. Position air movers creating airflow across wet structural surfaces accelerating evaporation from timber framing, concrete slabs, and building materials. Operate drying equipment continuously 24 hours per day until moisture content testing confirms materials are dry throughout depth. Monitor moisture content daily using moisture meter testing timber framing, concrete slabs, and other materials targeting less than 15% moisture content in timber and less than 1% in concrete before declaring drying complete. Document daily moisture readings tracking progressive drying over time. Identify and ensure repair of all moisture sources including leaks, condensation problems, and drainage issues before declaring remediation complete. Address building improvements including ventilation enhancement, insulation upgrades, or waterproofing repairs preventing moisture problems recurring. Continue drying operation until two consecutive days of moisture readings indicate no further moisture reduction occurring confirming materials are dry to equilibrium with ambient conditions.

Safety considerations

Ensure electrical safety when operating dehumidifiers and air movers in water-damaged areas. Position equipment on stable surfaces preventing tip-over. Route electrical cords preventing trip hazards. Monitor equipment operation regularly ensuring continuous function without overheating. Ventilate contained area periodically to prevent carbon dioxide accumulation from worker respiration in sealed space. Maintain negative air pressure whilst also operating drying equipment requiring coordination of airflows.

7

Final HEPA Cleaning, Verification Testing, and Containment Removal

Conduct comprehensive final HEPA vacuum cleaning of entire remediated area preparing for verification testing and containment removal. Vacuum all horizontal surfaces including floors, window sills, and structural members using overlapping passes and systematic progression. Vacuum all vertical surfaces including walls, doors, and remaining fixtures. Vacuum ceiling surfaces and overhead structural members removing all settled spores. Vacuum containment barriers interior surfaces before dismantling capturing spores that settled on plastic sheeting during remediation. Conduct second complete HEPA vacuum pass ensuring thorough spore removal. Schedule independent environmental consultant or building biologist to conduct post-remediation verification testing minimum 24 hours after completion allowing disturbed spores to settle. Verification typically includes visual inspection confirming no visible mould growth remains, air sampling using spore trap methods comparing remediated area to outdoor baseline, moisture content testing confirming materials are dry, and potentially surface sampling in areas of concern. If verification testing confirms successful remediation meeting clearance criteria, carefully dismantle containment working from outer barriers toward contaminated area folding plastic sheeting inward containing any residual spores. Dispose of all containment materials as contaminated waste. Conduct final site cleanup removing all equipment and waste. Obtain clearance certificate from independent assessor providing documentation that remediation successfully completed and area safe for reoccupation or reconstruction.

Safety considerations

Maintain full PPE during final cleaning and containment dismantling as spore exposure risks remain until containment removed. Carefully dismantle containment preventing plastic sheeting from whipping and dispersing trapped spores. Verify verification testing achieves clearance before declaring work complete and allowing occupant return. Conduct thorough PPE decontamination and hand hygiene after final containment removal. Report any verification testing failures immediately implementing additional remediation before area reoccupation.

Get risk assessment & procedures

Frequently asked questions

What qualifications or licensing do workers need to perform mould remediation in Australian buildings?

While Australia currently has no federal licensing specifically for mould remediation workers, comprehensive training is essential for safe and effective work. Workers should complete mould awareness training covering mould biology, health effects, assessment techniques, and remediation principles. Respiratory protection training including fit-testing is mandatory for workers using tight-fitting respirators during remediation. Workers should understand containment establishment, negative pressure systems operation, and proper PPE donning/doffing procedures. Some states and territories require businesses performing mould remediation to hold builder licences or specialty contractor licences depending on scope of structural work involved. Asbestos awareness training is recommended as water-damaged older buildings may contain asbestos materials requiring identification and appropriate handling. Workers accessing confined spaces require confined space entry training. Professional certifications including IICRC Water Damage Restoration Technician (WRT) and Applied Microbial Remediation Technician (AMRT) demonstrate industry-recognised competency though not legally mandated. Employers engaging contractors should verify workers have received appropriate training, hold current respiratory fit-test certification, and understand health risks associated with mould exposure. Professional remediation companies often employ building biologists, environmental consultants, or indoor air quality specialists providing technical oversight and verification testing.

When is containment and negative air pressure required during mould remediation versus simple surface cleaning?

Containment requirements depend on contamination extent and disturbance activities planned. Limited mould growth affecting less than 1 square metre of non-porous surfaces may be cleaned using surface wiping with antimicrobial products, appropriate PPE (P2 respirator, gloves, eye protection), and thorough final cleaning without full containment if no material removal is required. Moderate contamination affecting 1-10 square metres or any contamination requiring material removal (drywall, insulation, carpet) necessitates single containment barrier isolating contaminated area from occupied spaces. Extensive contamination exceeding 10 square metres, contamination throughout multiple building areas, or contamination in occupied buildings with vulnerable populations (children, elderly, immunocompromised) requires full triple-containment with negative air pressure systems. Hidden mould growth in HVAC systems always requires containment preventing spore dispersal throughout buildings via ventilation. Negative air pressure using HEPA-filtered air scrubbers is essential whenever contaminated material removal will generate high airborne spore concentrations, for occupied buildings requiring protection of inhabitants, or when client specifications demand air quality protection. Stachybotrys chartarum (black mould) contamination typically requires enhanced containment due to mycotoxin risks regardless of area extent. Professional assessment by environmental consultant or building biologist helps determine appropriate containment level for complex scenarios. Conservative approach implements containment whenever uncertainty exists about contamination extent or spore dispersal risks.

What moisture content levels in building materials prevent mould growth, and how should moisture be measured during remediation?

Mould requires moisture content above specific thresholds to germinate and grow on building materials. Timber and timber-based products support mould growth above approximately 20% moisture content, with growth inhibited below 15% moisture content. Concrete and masonry support mould growth above approximately 2% moisture content by weight or when relative humidity at surface exceeds 80%. Effective remediation requires reducing materials to dry conditions below these thresholds preventing mould regrowth. Measure moisture content using moisture meters during initial assessment identifying contamination extent and moisture sources, during structural drying monitoring progressive moisture reduction, and before final verification testing confirming dry conditions achieved. Pin-type moisture meters penetrate materials measuring electrical resistance between pins, providing accurate readings in timber and porous materials. Non-invasive meters use electromagnetic fields measuring moisture content without material penetration, useful for scanning large areas and detecting moisture in concrete or behind finishes. Infrared thermal imaging cameras identify moisture patterns through surface temperature differentials, particularly useful for finding hidden moisture in walls or ceilings. During structural drying, test moisture content daily documenting progressive reduction. Continue drying until two consecutive days show stable moisture readings indicating equilibrium with ambient conditions achieved. Target moisture content for timber framing below 15%, concrete slabs below 1%, and gypsum products below manufacturer specifications for reinstallation (typically 1% or less). Document all moisture readings providing verification records demonstrating effective moisture elimination supporting verification testing and protecting against future claims.

How should contaminated waste from mould remediation be classified, handled, and disposed of under Australian regulations?

Mould-contaminated materials are typically classified as general waste rather than hazardous waste under Australian environmental regulations, though specific handling practices minimise spore dispersal and worker exposure. Bag all contaminated materials in heavy-duty plastic bags whilst still in containment area preventing dry material handling and spore release during transport. Seal bags when 2/3 full using gooseneck tie method or tape ensuring secure closure. Double-bag heavily contaminated materials or materials that may puncture single bags. Wipe exterior of waste bags with damp cloth or HEPA vacuum before removal from containment removing attached spores. Transport sealed waste bags directly to skip bins or waste collection area preventing storage in clean building areas. Some contaminated materials may require classification as commercial or industrial waste depending on building type and waste classification regulations in specific states or territories. Asbestos-contaminated materials discovered during mould remediation require separation and disposal as asbestos waste through licensed asbestos removal contractors. Consider engaging licensed contaminated waste contractors for disposal of waste from extensive remediation projects, particularly from healthcare facilities, schools, or sensitive environments. Dispose of all PPE including coveralls, gloves, and respirators as contaminated waste never reusing items. Maintain waste disposal documentation including waste contractor dockets and disposal facility receipts. Some commercial or insurance situations may require waste manifest documentation tracking contaminated material disposal. Avoid disposing mould-contaminated waste through residential garbage services without proper bagging and spore containment.

What verification testing should be conducted after mould remediation to confirm successful cleanup before building reoccupation?

Post-remediation verification testing provides objective confirmation that mould has been successfully removed and spore levels have returned to safe background levels before building reoccupation. Engage independent environmental consultant, building biologist, or indoor air quality specialist to conduct verification testing separate from remediation contractor avoiding conflict of interest. Verification typically includes multiple components: comprehensive visual inspection confirming no visible mould growth remains and all contaminated materials were removed; air sampling using spore trap methods collecting air samples in remediated areas and comparing to outdoor baseline samples collected simultaneously; moisture content testing of structural materials confirming moisture levels are below thresholds supporting mould growth; and potentially surface sampling using tape lifts or swabs if residual contamination is suspected. Air sampling should occur minimum 24 hours after remediation completion allowing disturbed spores to settle and providing realistic assessment of ongoing exposure risks. Acceptable clearance criteria typically define indoor spore concentrations should not exceed outdoor concentrations by more than specified thresholds (commonly 1.5-2 times outdoor levels), with no unusual mould species present indoors that are absent from outdoor samples. Laboratory analysis by NATA-accredited or equivalent laboratory provides accurate spore identification and quantification. If verification testing fails clearance criteria, additional remediation is required with repeat verification testing after completion. Obtain written clearance certificate from independent assessor documenting successful remediation and safe conditions for reoccupation. Maintain all verification documentation including laboratory reports, photographs, and clearance certificates for building owner records and potential insurance or legal requirements. Some situations require ongoing monitoring with follow-up testing at 30 and 90 days post-remediation confirming no mould regrowth occurs.

What are the health effects of different common mould types, and do all moulds require the same remediation approach?

Different mould species present varying health risks though all moulds can cause respiratory irritation and allergic reactions in susceptible individuals. Cladosporium and Penicillium are common outdoor moulds that often grow indoors on water-damaged materials, generally causing allergic reactions including sneezing, runny nose, and respiratory irritation but rarely serious infections in healthy individuals. Aspergillus species are ubiquitous moulds that can cause serious infections (aspergillosis) in immunocompromised individuals, with Aspergillus fumigatus being particularly concerning in healthcare environments. Stachybotrys chartarum (black mould) produces trichothecene mycotoxins associated with more severe health effects including respiratory bleeding in infants, immune suppression, and neurological effects, though health research continues regarding specific health risks. Chaetomium often indicates significant water damage and produces mycotoxins with potential health effects. Fusarium species found in water-damaged buildings can cause infections in immunocompromised individuals and produces various mycotoxins. Regardless of species, all mould contamination requires proper remediation following established protocols. Enhanced containment and PPE may be warranted for Stachybotrys due to mycotoxin concerns, or Aspergillus in buildings housing immunocompromised populations, or any mould in healthcare facilities requiring stringent infection control. Professional air sampling with laboratory analysis identifies specific mould species present, informing remediation approach and clearance criteria. All remediation should follow moisture elimination, containment establishment, contaminated material removal, surface treatment, and verification testing regardless of species. Health risk assessment considers not just mould species but also extent of contamination, exposure duration, and occupant susceptibility. Consult environmental health professionals or medical practitioners specialising in environmental health for guidance on health risks specific to identified mould types and affected populations.

Related SWMS documents

Browse all documents

cleaning

Biohazard Clean-up Safe Work Method Statement

Essential SWMS for cleaning biological contaminants including blood-borne pathogens, infectious materials, and decomposed organic matter requiring advanced PPE and decontamination procedures

View document

cleaning

Building Maintenance Unit (BMU) Safe Work Method Statement

Essential SWMS for BMU operations during facade and window cleaning including mechanical safety, fall prevention, emergency procedures, and high risk work licensing requirements

View document

cleaning

Cleaning Carpets and Upholstery Safe Work Method Statement

Comprehensive SWMS for carpet and upholstery cleaning including hot water extraction, chemical application, stain removal, and fabric protection with controls for chemical exposure, electrical safety, and ventilation requirements.

View document

cleaning

Cleaning Public Areas Safe Work Method Statement

Essential SWMS for cleaning high-traffic public spaces including restrooms, corridors, lobbies, and communal areas with emphasis on slip prevention, chemical safety, and public interaction management

View document

cleaning

Cleaning Public Park Amenities Safe Work Method Statement

Essential SWMS for outdoor amenity cleaning in parks and recreational areas including biological hazards, isolated work protocols, weather exposure management, and vandalism response procedures

View document

cleaning

Construction Site Amenities Cleaning Safe Work Method Statement

SWMS for cleaning construction site portable toilets, lunchrooms, and welfare facilities including biological hazard management

View document
Trusted by 1,500+ Australian construction teams

Mould Remediation Clean SWMS Sample

Professional SWMS created in 5 seconds with OneClickSWMS

  • Instant PDF & shareable link
  • Auto-filled risk matrix
  • Editable Word download
  • State-specific compliance
  • Digital signature ready
  • Version history preserved
Manual creation2-3 hours
OneClickSWMS5 seconds
Save 99% of admin time and eliminate manual errors.
Generate SWMS NowView sample SWMS

No credit card required • Instant access • Unlimited drafts included in every plan

PDF Sample

Risk Rating

BeforeHigh
After ControlsLow

Key Controls

  • • Pre-start briefing covering hazards
  • • PPE: hard hats, eye protection, gloves
  • • Emergency plan communicated to crew

Signature Ready

Capture digital signatures onsite and store revisions with automatic timestamps.

Continue exploring

Hand-picked SWMS resources
Flood Storm Clean UpExplore →Biohazard Clean UpExplore →Covid 19 Deep CleaningExplore →General CleaningExplore →

Ready to deliver professional SWMS in minutes?

OneClickSWMS powers thousands of compliant projects every week. Join them today.

Join 2,000+ Protected CompaniesExplore Safety Guides